{"id":3376,"date":"2026-08-03T12:06:46","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T12:06:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ubuntupennsylvania.org\/?p=3376"},"modified":"2026-08-03T12:06:46","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T12:06:46","slug":"%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%82%d1%80%d1%96%d0%b9-%d1%82%d0%b0-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bd%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%bf-%d0%b4%d1%96%d1%97-%d0%b2%d0%b5%d0%b9%d0%bf%d1%96%d0%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ubuntupennsylvania.org\/?p=3376","title":{"rendered":"???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????"},"content":{"rendered":"

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?????????? ????????<\/strong> \u2014 ?? ?????????? ????????, ?? ???????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????????, ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????. ???????? ??????????? ? ???????????, ????????? ?? ????????? ? ???????, ??? ??????? ???????, ????????????? ?? ???????????????. ?????????? ?????? ????, ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????, ??? ? ???????????? ????. ??? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????, ??????? ????????? ???? ? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ????.<\/p>\n

???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????<\/h2>\n

???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????<\/strong> ? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????. ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ???????, ??? ???????????? ?? 150\u2013250\u00b0C, ???????????? ?????? ?? ????????. ?? ???????? ????, ? ?? ???, ?? ??? ????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????????? ??????. ????????? (???????????) ? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????, ? ????? ??????? ????????? ????. ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? 5 ?? 200 ??, ???????? ??????????? ?????.<\/p>\n

???????? ???????: ?????????????, ? ?? ???????? \u2014 ???? ????? ???? ? ??????? ????, ??? ? ?????????? ??? ????? ????????? ? ??????.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

???????? ????????? ???????: ??? ??????? ?? ??????????<\/h3>\n

???????? ????????? ???????: ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????. ??????? ???????????, ?? ???????, ??? 300 ?? 3000 ???, ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????, ? ?????????? ? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????. ????????? \u2014 ?? ????? ????????, ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ? ????????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ????????. ???? ??????? (??) ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?????: ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????, ????? \u2014 ????????? ?????. ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????, ????????? ??????. ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????<\/strong> ????????? ????????? ?? \u00ab??????\u00bb ?????, ?????????? ????? ???????. ????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????????, ? ?? ??????????? ?? ????????????.<\/p>\n

?? ??????????? ????: ????? ??????? ??????????<\/h3>\n

???? ? ????? ??????????? ?? ????????, ? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????<\/strong>. ???? ??????? ???????????? ?? 150\u2013250 \u00b0C, ???????? ?? ??????????????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????????????, ? ??????? ? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????? ????. ??? ???????? ? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????????? ? ?????? ??????, ???????? ??????? ????????. *??????????? ????? 300 \u00b0C ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ????.* ????? (??????) ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????, ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????.<\/p>\n

???? \u2014 ?? ????????, ?? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?? ??????????????? ??? ?????????? ????????, ? ????????? ???????????? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????????.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

???? ?????????? ?? ?????: ??????? ?? ???????? ???????<\/h3>\n

????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????<\/strong>, ? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????????. ??????? (??????) \u2013 ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ? ??? ??????? ???????: ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ? ??????, ? ????? ??????????? ?????????. ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????, ???? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ????-???? ??????? \u2013 ?? ??? ????????? ? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????, ??? ???????? ???????????, ??? ?? ?????? ????????. ??? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????, ??? ????????? \u2013 ?????????. ???????? ???? ??????????, ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? 1\u20132 ?????. ?????????????? ????????? ??????<\/mark> \u2014 ?? ??????, ??? ?????? ???? ???????.<\/p>\n

**???????:** ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????
\n**?????????:** ???????? ???????, ??? ???????? ??????????, ??????? ?????? ?????????, ? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? \u2013 ???????? ?????? ?????.<\/p>\n

????? ????? ??? ???????<\/h2>\n

???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????????, ??? ????? ???????????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ??? ???????<\/strong>. ?? ?? ?????? ???? \u2014 ?? ???????????? ????? ???????????????, ?????????? ?????????, ???????? ?? ??????????????. ??????????????? ??? ?????? \u00ab???? ?? ?????\u00bb, ? ???????? ??????? ????? ????, ??? ?? ??????. ?????????????? ??? ??????????? ????????, ????????? ?\u2019???? ???? ???? ? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ????????. ????? ????? ??? ??????????? ???????<\/strong> \u2014 ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????, ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ???????, ? ???????? ???? ???????? \u2014 ??????? ??????? ????? ????????. ????? ?????? \u2014 ?? ???????? ??????? ???????????, ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????.<\/p>\n

??????????????? ?? ????????: ?????? ????????<\/h3>\n

?????? ????-???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ?? ????????<\/strong>, ??? ????? ???????? ????????. ??????????????? (PG) ?????????? ?? ????? \u00ab???? ?? ?????\u00bb ?? ????? ???????? ?????, ???? ?? ????????? ???????? (VG) ??????? ?????, ???????? ????. ???????? ?? ???????? ? ?????? ??????????, ????????? 50\/50 ??? ??????? ??? 70\/30 ??? ??????? ????. ??? ?????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ??????? ? ????????? ???, ??? ????? ???????? ????????. ???????? ??????????????, ???????????? ?? ?????? ??????????: ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????.<\/p>\n

???????: ????, ??? ?? ?????????? ???????<\/h3>\n

???? ??????? ??????, ??????? ????????, ?? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ??? ???????<\/strong> ????? ??????. ????????? \u00ab???\u00bb \u2014 ?? ??????? ???????, ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? (throat hit) ? ?????? ????????????. ?????????? ???? \u2014 ?? ?? ? ????????, ??? ? ????????? ????????, ???? ???? ?\u2019???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ? ???????? ??? POD-??????. ?????????? ??????? (?????????, TFN) ??????????? ? ??????????? ??? ????????? ????????, ????? ???????? ???? ? ????? ?? ????????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????. ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????????: ???? \u2014 ??? ?????? ???????, ??????? \u2014 ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????, ????????? \u2014 ???? ????? ??????????? \u00ab??????????\u00bb ????.<\/p>\n